Iglasses ultrasonic5/28/2023 ![]() ![]() Since visual displays are of little or no use to this user population, work has been focused on displaying information through the sense of hearing and/or touch. ETAs have two main components: (1) sensors to determine location and orientation and to detect and possibly identify objects in the environment and (2) displays to present information about for instance waypoints and obstacles. Electronic travel aids (ETAs) have the potential to increase the mobility and with that the quality of life of the visually impaired. We recommend to use not more than two coding parameters in a tactile compound message and apply filter rules to reduce the amount of obstacles to be displayed in an obstacle avoidance ETA.Īccording to the World Health Organization (2014), 285 million people are estimated to be visually impaired worldwide: 39 million are blind and 246 million have low vision. Although they acknowledge the potential of the display, the added of the ETA as a whole also depends on its sensor and object recognition capabilities. The resulting design was evaluated in Experiment 4 with visually impaired users. In Experiment 3, we off-load the tactile sense by reducing the amount of displayed information using several filter rules. In addition, taxing the auditory channel may in turn interfere with other auditory cues from the environment. ![]() Off-loading the tactile modality through auditory presentation is possible, but this off-loading is limited and may result in a new threat of auditory overload. In Experiment 2, we investigate how we can off-load the tactile modality by mitigating part of the information to an auditory display. Vertical location is also possible as coding parameter but it requires additional tactors and makes the display hardware more complex and expensive and less user friendly. Horizontal tactor location is a strong coding parameter, and temporal pattern is the preferred secondary coding parameter. Tactile coding parameters that are sufficiently discriminable in isolation may not be so in compound signals and while walking and using the white cane. ![]() The results confirm that the threat of information overload is clear and present. In Experiment 1, we investigate perception of compound signals displayed on a tactile vest while walking. In a series of experiments, we aim to balance the amount of information displayed and the comprehensibility of the information taking into account the risk of information overload. 3University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsĮlectronic travel aids (ETAs) can potentially increase the safety and comfort of blind users by detecting and displaying obstacles outside the range of the white cane.2Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.1Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, TNO, Soesterberg, Netherlands. ![]()
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